Learning Objective 3

I felt like making an outline so I did!

Land of the Pharaohs: Egypt

1. The Nile and the “Two Lands”

a.       Stretches from Central Africa to the Mediterranean

b.       Upper Egypt

                                                         i.      500 miles in length

                                                       ii.      12 miles in width

c.       Lower Egypt

                                                         i.      Fan-shaped pattern of water ways

d.      The Nile

                                                         i.      Cycle of labor depended on flooding and receding

                                                       ii.      “Gift of the Nile” provided wealth

e.      3100 B.C.

                                                         i.      Lands were unified with one king

                                                       ii.      King= Pharaoh

2.  Government by a God-King

a.       Pharaoh

i.                     No boundaries between God and humans

ii.                   Pharaoh was given the power of God

iii.                  Believed the peace of the universe depended on the Egyptians

b.      Tending the “Cattle of God”

                                                         i.      All land belonged to the Pharaoh

                                                       ii.      Pharaoh had an army of scribes

                                                      iii.      People inherited, bequeathed, sold, and bought land, houses, and goods

c.       Men and Women Under the Pharaohs

                                                         i.      Women closest to the pharaoh- mother and principal wife

                                                       ii.      Mother and principal wife had their own lands

                                                      iii.      Wife was often the king’s half-sister

                                                     iv.      Had many wives

3. Gods, Humans, and Everlasting Life

a.       Gods

                                                         i.      Usually had heads or bodies of animals

                                                       ii.      Conceived during the stone age

b.      Humans

                                                         i.      First believed that the pharaoh was immortal

                                                       ii.      By 1800 B.C. they believed that the soul had to stand before the ruler of the underworld for judgment

4.  The Writing of the Word of God

a.       Hieroglyphs

                                                         i.      Came up for religious reasons

                                                       ii.      Earliest writing

                                                      iii.      Created around 3100 B.C.

                                                     iv.      Used to honor kings

                                                       v.      Means “the writing of the word of god”

                                                     vi.      700 B.C.- faster short hand was created

5. Calendars and Sailboats

a.       First Calendar

                                                         i.      12 equal months of 30 days

                                                       ii.      5 “free” days to make 365

b.      Medicine

                                                         i.      Did not understand germs or infections

                                                       ii.      Trained physicians and surgeons

                                                      iii.      Some healing drugs

                                                     iv.      Created a medical school, library, and books about diseases

c.       Sailboats

                                                         i.      3100 B.C.- masts and sails

                                                       ii.      2500 B.C.- adapted to the Mediterranean Sea

6. Pyramids and Temples

a.       Tombs

                                                         i.      Giant royal pyramids

                                                       ii.      Early centuries of civilization

b.      Great Pyramid

                                                         i.      Built around 2650 B.C.

                                                       ii.      476 ft. high

                                                      iii.      760 ft. on each side

                                                     iv.      Each block weighs 5000 lbs.

7. The Rhythm of Egypt’s History

a.       2200 B.C.- local officials gained independence

b.      333 B.C.- ruled by Greeks

c.       30 B.C.- Conquered by Romans